Nondestructive testing equipment for nuclear safety. Revision 1, nondestructive assay of special nuclear material. The terms nondestructive examination nde, nondestructive inspection ndi, and nondestructive evaluation nde are also commonly used to. Due to the diverse nature of the items presented for measurement, representative standards are not always available for calibration of the assay equipment. Uncertainty quantification in application of the enrichment. The terms nondestructive examination nde, nondestructive inspection ndi, and nondestructive evaluation nde are also commonly used to describe this technology. The ndt handbooks are the premier publications for the industry, covering both theory and application of the various methods. Two of the most common and effective methods to perform ndt rely on radiation and. Nondestructive testing canadian nuclear association. Nondestructive assay measurements using the rpi lead. Reference materials for nondestructive assayof special nuclear material volume 1. The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of limited ta azonetwork the owner and. Nondestructive assay of special nuclear material for uranium. National technical information service distributor washington, dc.
Astm c16 08 standard test method for nondestructive assay. Nondestructive materials characterization of irradiated. Nondestructive evaluationcharacterization of nuclear fuel pins is being carried out using a number of techniques. Research article uncertainty quantification in application of. This document is available in either paper or pdf format. Davis waste management federal services of hanford, inc. Training courses focus on nondestructive assay techniques applied to nuclear safeguards and security applications. Nondestructive testing, or ndt, is a qualityassurance practice conducted on machines and materials to verify their structural integrity without having to cause damage, thereby reducing the time and expense required. Shuffler measurements have been applied to a variety of matrix materials in containers of up to several 100 l. Menlove sophisticated nondestructive assay techniques have solved many difficult measurement problems in the nuclear fuel cycle, but their potential for keeping track of sensitive nuclear materials on a nearly. Nondestructive testing handbook, set ten volumes this set is a must have for any comprehensive ndt library. Figure 4 plots the results of a simulation study that shows such trends in residuals can be explained to various degrees, depending on which model was fit, even without any errors in predictors, as was the case in the simulation. Regulatory agencies governing the disposal of nuclear waste require that the waste be appropriately characterized prior to disposition.
Safetyrelated in situ nondestructive assay of radioactive. Measurement reliability for nuclear material assay by t. A wide range of argonnedeveloped technologies, including electromagnetic and acoustic methods, is used for inservice inspection of nuclear power plant components, such as tubing, piping and pressure vessels. Nondestructive assay nda of special nuclear material snm is used in nonproliferation applications, including identification of snm at border crossings, and quantifying snm at safeguarded facilities. Application of nondestructive testing and inservice. Typical feed materials for input to the fuel fabrication process are uf, in metal. Linga murty has been on the faculty of the nuclear engineering department at north carolina state university since 1981 and has been teaching courses in nuclear materials. It presents the ndande information necessary for the national spent nuclear fuel program nsnfp and the snf storage sites to use when defining that role, if any, of ndande in characterization and certification processes. The term nondestructive assay nda is applied to a series of measurement techniques for nuclear fuel materials. Materials and nondestructive evaluation laboratories. Nondestructive radiological and material characterization. Within the nuclear industry, nondestructive testing ndt plays an important role in maintaining the safety and constant inspection of the most critical parts of nuclear power plants at a costeffective rate. Characteristics of a nondestructive assay system no single nda instrument or method will suffice for the assay of the diverse forms and containments of nuclear materials in the fuel cycle. Nuclear regulatory research us nuclear regulatory commission.
This report summarizes an evaluation of the potential use of nondestructive assay nda and nondestructive examination nde technologies on doe spent nuclear fuel snf. The materials specifications contain standard reference data for specific materials. The phenomenon of nuclear resonance fluorescence is discussed with consideration of the angular distributions of resonance emissions, the effects of nuclear recoil, and the influence of thermal motion. Application of non destructive testing ndt and inservice inspection isi to research reactors. Probabilistic interpretation of nondestructive assay of. Neutron resonance densitometry nrd 1 with the timeof. Materials specifications may be required for materials supplied by the requester. Application of nondestructive testing ndt and inservice inspection isi to research reactors. Safeguards and security technology training program. This book has become widely known by the acronym panda. Fundamentals of passive nondestructive assay of fissionable. A slowingdowntime spectrometer sdts, constructed for the study of nondestructive assay of fissile nuclear materials, is in its early stages of ope. Menlove sophisticated nondestructive assay techniques have solved many difficult measurement problems in the nuclear fuel cycle, but their potential for keeping track of sensitive nuclear materials on a nearly continual basis is just beginning to be exploited.
Research article uncertainty quantification in application. The beauty of this textbook is that it rehashes many basic materials concepts, but a focuses only on those which are relevant to the materials problems encountered in the nuclear industry, and b presents them in a way which focuses very clearly and logically on the aspects that will later arise in discussions of nuclear materials issues. Corrections are made for the effects of matrix material. Development of emergency action levels for nonpassive.
Aug 21, 2017 nondestructive testing of nuclear reactor components integrity czech technical university nondestructive testing canadian nuclear association disclaimer. Nondestructive assay nda of special nuclear material snm is used in nonproliferation applications, including identication of snm at border crossings, and quantifying snm at safeguarded facilities. It presents the ndande information necessary for the national spent nuclear fuel program nsnfp and the snf storage sites to use when defining that role, if any, of ndande in characterization and certification. The key to an effective balanced national system of stringent safeguards lies in the new nondestructive assay nda techniques and instrumentation being developed and now beginning to be applied throughout the nuclear industry. Passive nondestructive assay of nuclear materials technical report. Special nuclear material plutonium, uranium233, or uranium enriched in the isotopes uranium233 or uranium235. Uncertainty analysis of nondestructive assay measurements. Astmc1807 standard guide for nondestructive assay of.
The non destructive assay nda of special nuclear materials snms by radiometric techniques is heavily relied upon across the nuclear fuel cycle. Models describing two ways of measuring nuclear resonance fluorescence rates in materials are considered. The primary objective is to quantify fissile isotopes, particularly 239pu and 235u, via a direct measurement distinguishing them through their characteristic fission spectra in the lsds. Characterization of nuclear materials methods, instrumentation, applications. Instruction focuses on handson measurements in a laboratory setting using real nuclear material in small groups led by experienced instructors. Astm c16 01 standard test method for nondestructive assay. Nuclear regulatory commission distributor, national technical information service, u. Special nuclear material consists of plutonium, uranium233 or uranium with u 233 or u 235 content greater than that found in nature i. Nondestructive assay nda of nuclear waste using the high. Reference material data includes the measured physical property allowable, materialspecific safety precautions, and material specific processing parameters. Chapter 3 development of nondestructive assay to fuel debris. Slugen1 1institute of nuclear and physical engineering, faculty of electrical engineering and information technology, slovak university of technology in bratislava, ilkovicova 3, 812 19 bratislava, slovak republic. Slugen1 1institute of nuclear and physical engineering, faculty of electrical engineering and information technology, slovak university of technology in. Passive nondestructive assay of nuclear materials doug reilly, norbert ensslin, hastings smith jr.
Objectives of the coordinated research project the objectives of the crp were. Mar 21, 2019 special nuclear material plutonium, uranium233, or uranium enriched in the isotopes uranium233 or uranium235. Murty is the recipient of numerous awards including the american nuclear society mishima award 1993 and the metcalfe. Reilly, ensslin, smith, and kreiner, was published in 1991 although the major technical writing was completed by 1987. The primary objective of this training course is to provide participants with knowledge and experience in the fundamentals of nondestructive assay nda of nuclear materials including gamma and neutron measurement techniques. The journal of nuclear materials publishes high quality papers in materials research for nuclear applications, primarily fission reactors, fusion reactors, and similar environments including radiation areas of charged particle accelerators. The methodology described in this document is consistent with federal regulations, and related us nuclear regulatory commission nrc requirements and guidance. The most widely used ndt techniques are ultrasonic inspection. Nondestructive testing ndt is a wide group of analysis techniques used in science and technology industry to evaluate the properties of a material, component or system without causing damage.
Astm c16 01 standard test method for nondestructive. Evans abstract this report discusses the reliability of nuclear material assay including analytical chemistry, calorimetry, and nondestructive nuclear methods. Nondestructive assay techniques have become more and more important in recent years, and they are used to a large extent in nuclear material accountancy. Nuclear resonance fluorescence for nuclear materials assay. Because of the everincreasing price of fossil fuels and the associated environmental concerns such as carbon. Simt conducts research and development in both these broad. Laboratory lanl to assay plutonium waste using passive neutron methods since 1997. Active nondestructive assay of nuclear materials by tsahi gozani, 1981, the commission, gpo sales program, u. Use of penetrating radiation techniques for nondestructive.
The most important aspect of the characterization process, establishing radionuclide content, is often achieved by nondestructive assay nda. Reference materials for nondestructive assay of special. To visualize possible patterns in residuals from ordinary regression fitting, we used parameters from similar models fit to the data in figure 3. Handbooks american society for nondestructive testing. Dec 14, 2009 active nondestructive assay of nuclear materials by tsahi gozani, 1981, the commission, gpo sales program, u. This dissertation examines the measurement of nuclear resonance fluorescence gammarays as a technique to nondestructively determine isotopic compositions of target materials that are of interest for nuclear security applications. Ndt can be performed through a variety of techniques, depending on the material being tested. The purpose of nuclear energy institute nei 9901 is to provide guidance to nuclear power plant operators for the development of a sitespecific emergency classification scheme. The assay of feed, product, scrap, and waste is considered.
The non destructive assay of special nuclear materials in. Chapter 3 development of nondestructive assay to fuel. Active nondestructive assay of nuclear materials 1981. Nondestructive assay measurements using the rpi lead slowing. Nondestructive assay of special nuclear material for. Experimental validation for the application of a selfindication method junichi hori, tadafumi sano, yoshiyuki takahashi, hironobu unesaki, and ken nakajima abstract we have proposed a new concept of the selfindication method. Uncertainty quantification in application of the enrichment meter principle for nondestructive assay of special nuclear material article pdf available in journal of sensors 2015 july 2015. Uncertainty analysis of nondestructive assay measurements of. Passive nondestructive assay of nuclear materials manual. The techniques measure radiation induced or emitted spontaneously from the nuclear material. Astm c16 08 standard test method for nondestructive. Nondestructive radiological and material characterization on. Nondestructive testing method and application for internal defect of metal balls. Nuregcr5550 passive nondestructive assay of nuclear.
Instruction focuses on handson measurements in a laboratory setting using real nuclear material in. Doe clarification of specific commitments related to the implementation plan for board recommendation 20071, safetyrelated in situ nondestructive assay of radioactive materials january 30, 2008 nnsa deliverables required to fulfill commitments 5. Comparison of gamma and passive neutron nondestructive assay. October1983 preparedfor division of facility operations office of. Pdf uncertainty quantification in application of the. Safeguards and security technology training program training courses focus on nondestructive assay techniques applied to nuclear safeguards and security applications. Evaluation of nondestructive assaynondestructive examination. The openaccess journal nuclear materials and energy is devoted to the growing field of research for material application in the production of nuclear energy. Introduction nondestructive assay nda methods for the determination of the burnup and cooling times of irradiated nuclear fuels are needed to safeguard against diversion of fissile materials to weapon use. Development of nondestructive assay to fuel debris of fukushima daiichi npp 1. Passive nondestructive assay of nuclear materials microform edited by doug reilly, norbert ensslin, and hastings smith, jr office of nuclear regulatory research, u. Proceeding of the 25th doenrc nuclear air cleaning. Simt conducts research and development in both these broad areas through the iaea research contract programme and by a modest, but highly important amount of development work done by agency staff members.
The contribution reports to the state of the art in materials characterization obtained by the authors through the use of micromagnetic nondestructive testing ndt techniques in order to predict mechanical properties of steel samples surveillance program after neutron irradiation in irradiation chambers of nuclear pressure vessels. In this paper, we present several assay measurements performed at. Passive nondestructive assay of nuclear materials microform. Penetrating radiation technique using different types of radiation is the most important and popular among the personnel responsible for manufacture, quality control and design of nuclear fuels. The physical processes that can result in nonresonant background to nuclear resonance.
Nuclear materials and energy is supported scientifically by the maxplanckinstitut fr plasmaphysik, garching. While item accounting can monitor a large portion of the facility inventory fuel rods, assemblies, storage items, the contents of all such items and mass values for all. Passive nda is based on observing spontaneously emitted radiations created through the radioactive decay of plutonium or uranium isotopes or of their. For additional detail, see special nuclear material.